Liberation

Bulgaria’s liberation in 1878 found the wine industry in a fairly good condition. Statistics indicate that there were nearly 50,000 ha of vineyards in the country. It was not long after this period that unfortunately phylloxera hit the Bulgarian vineyards and destroyed many of the old traditional plantations. As the wine plague of phylloxera had been the evident in many of the western European producing countries the Bulgarians were quick to act on what they had learnt from other less fortunate nations.
The Bulgarian Ministry of Agriculture and Trade invited the famous French wine expert Pierre Viala to work on the problem. His recommendations were based on the American solution to combating phylloxera, which had been tried and tested successfully in France and other European countries. Viala’s other report recommendations were for further modifications to the industry to draw it in line with its European rivals.
He is recorded as being especially impressed with the Bulgarian indigenous grape varieties such as Mavrud, Pamid and Miskat. He stated that the grapes of Mavrud and Pamid should be used in the production of wine within the southern Bulgarian regions. In relation the northern territories, he recommended that Gamza should be the preferred choice. He stated that the Bulgarian Misket could rival the famous Hungarian white wines and proposed that French varieties should also be introduced such as Gamay Noir and Syrah (Shiraz). As a result of Professor Viala’s recommendations a vine and wine experimental station was established in Pleven in 1902. This was transformed into a national institute, which still exists to this day.

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